When to Avoid Naming a Trust as Beneficiary of Your Retirement Plan

Naming a trust as a beneficiary of your retirement plan can be a good idea in some circumstances, but it can be dangerous if you are worried about creditors coming after your estate. 

There are a lot of good reasons to name a trust as beneficiary of a retirement plan, whether it is a 401(k), a 403(b), or an IRA. If the IRA beneficiaries are young, disabled, or for other reasons shouldn't be managing the asset themselves, the trust provides that management. People in a second marriage or relationship may want their spouse or partner to benefit from the funds, but not be able to deplete them entirely, and trusts provide protection from the beneficiary’s creditors. However, the trust may not protect your retirement funds from your own creditors.

Creditor Protection for Retirement Plans

IRAs enjoy substantial creditor protection during your life. If you get sued, your IRA will be subject to claim, but you can protect it by declaring bankruptcy. Under the federal bankruptcy code, the first $1,362,800 of retirement assets are protected from having to be paid to creditors. Most cases settle, so you can generally get this protection without having to go through the bankruptcy process, but it's there if necessary.

But Only During Life

However, that protection ends at death. It does not apply to inherited IRAs, those you leave to others or that you have inherited from others. Inherited IRAs are subject to creditor claims. However, your heirs are not liable for your debts. So, if your retirement plans pass directly to them, the plan assets will be protected from your debts.

By way of example, let's assume an individual dies owing $400,000 to various creditors, with a total estate of $500,000 divided between a house with a market value of $250,000, savings of $100,000, and retirement plans holding $150,000. If the retirement plans are paid directly to this individual’s heirs, they will not be subject to the person's debts. The rest of the assets will have to go to pay off debts, leaving nothing in the estate for the heirs, but also leaving the creditors short $50,000.

Revocable Trusts Subject to Claim

But what if the IRAs were payable to the individual's revocable trust? Then they very well may be subject to claim. If there are not enough funds in the decedent's probate estate to pay his or her debts, states often allow the creditors to go after a revocable trust. In at least one case in Kansas, which like 34 other states and the District of Columbia has adopted the Uniform Trust Code, the court ruled that this right of creditors to go after the decedent's revocable trust applied to an IRA payable to the trust. There's no reason to think that other courts would not come to a similar conclusion.

Conclusion

So, if your debts exceed your non-retirement plan assets, don't make your retirement plan payable to your revocable trust. Either make it payable directly to beneficiaries or, if a trust is necessary, to an irrevocable trust. If your assets far exceed your debts, or possible lawsuit claims against you or your estate, then don't worry about any of the above.

Contact us

Elise Lampert, Esq.

Law Office of Elise Lampert

9595 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 900 | Beverly Hills , CA 90212

Phone: (818) 905-0601 / Email: elise@elampertlaw.com

https://www.eliselampert.com

 

How Long Does an Executor’s Job Take?

Being the executor of an estate can be a time-consuming job, depending on the size and complexity of the estate. While a simple estate can take a few months and not require a huge time commitment, if there are problems, the job can drag on for years. 

An executor is the person responsible for managing the administration of a deceased individual's estate. Although the time and effort involved will vary with the size of the estate, even if you are the executor of a small estate you will have important duties that must be performed correctly or you may be liable to the estate or the beneficiaries.

The first thing an executor should do is to consult with an attorney to learn the deadlines in the state where the decedent lived. To start the probate process, the executor must file the will for probate. Some states have strict time limits on how long after a decedent dies the executor has to file the will with the court, while others have no time limits. In addition, there may be deadlines for the executor to prepare a list of all of the deceased's assets and file this inventory with the court. It is important that the executor to understand what is required and when. 

How much actual time an executor will have to devote to the job can range widely. Settling an estate takes an average of 16 months, according the software company EstateExec, and the settlement process requires an average of roughly 570 hours of work on the part of the executor. Average compensation for executors was $18,000. 

While executors must adhere to deadlines set by the state, other factors can make the estate administration go faster or slower. The following are the issues that can add or subtract time:

• Debts. The executor must notify potential creditors about the decedent’s death. Usually, the executor must inform all known creditors by letter and publish a notice in a local paper for unknown creditors. Each state gives creditors a certain amount of time, which can range from a few months to a year, to file claims against the estate. The executor must wait for the deadline to pass and then settle all the debts before distributing assets to the beneficiaries of the estate. 

• Location. The location of the executor and the beneficiaries can affect the time it takes to settle the estate. If the executor does not live in the same state as the decedent and the beneficiaries, it can take more time to send documents back and forth. 

• Assets. The more complicated the assets, the longer it will take the executor to sort everything out. If the estate consists of just a house and bank account, things will go more quickly than if the estate consists of multiple bank accounts, stocks, brokerage accounts, valuables, and/or a family business. 

• Contested Estate. If the beneficiaries are fighting amongst themselves or with the executor, the probate process is going to take longer. One way an unhappy family member can hold up probate is by contesting the will, based on mental incapacity, undue influence, fraud, or allegations that it wasn’t executed properly. A beneficiary can also prolong the process by challenging the executor’s actions. 

Every family situation is unique, so there is no set time that an executor can expect to work. If you are named as an executor, check with an attorney in the decedent’s state to find out what to expect. 

Contact us

Elise Lampert, Esq.

Law Office of Elise Lampert

9595 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 900 | Beverly Hills , CA 90212

Phone: (818) 905-0601 / Email: elise@elampertlaw.com

https://www.eliselampert.com

 

What Is Undue Influence?

Saying that there has been "undue influence" is often used as a reason to contest a will or estate plan, but what does it mean?

Undue influence occurs when someone exerts pressure on an individual, causing that individual to act contrary to his or her wishes and to the benefit of the influencer or the influencer's friends. The pressure can take the form of deception, harassment, threats, or isolation. Often the influencer separates the individual from their loved ones in order to coerce. The elderly and infirm can be especially susceptible to undue influence.

To prove a loved one was subject to undue influence in drafting an estate plan, you have to show that the loved one disposed of his or her property in a way that was unexpected under the circumstances, that he or she is susceptible to undue influence (because of illness, age, frailty, or a special relationship with the influencer), and that the person who exerted the influence had the opportunity to do so.

Generally, the burden of proving undue influence is on the person asserting undue influence. However, if the alleged influencer had a fiduciary relationship with your loved one, the burden may be on the influencer to prove that there was no undue influence. People who have a fiduciary relationship can include a child, a spouse, or an agent under a power of attorney.

When drawing up a will or estate plan, it is important to avoid even the appearance of undue influence. For example, if you are planning on leaving everything to your daughter who is also your primary caregiver, your other children may argue that your daughter took advantage of her position to influence you. To avoid the appearance of undue influence, do not involve any family members who are inheriting under your will in drafting your will. Family members should not be present when you discuss the will with your attorney or when you sign it. To be totally safe, family members shouldn't even drive or accompany you to the attorney's office. You can also get a formal assessment of your mental capabilities performed by a medical professional before you draft estate planning documents.

Contact us

Elise Lampert, Esq.

Law Office of Elise Lampert

9595 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 900 | Beverly Hills , CA 90212

Phone: (818) 905-0601 / Email: elise@elampertlaw.com

https://www.eliselampert.com